Journal
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY
Volume 59, Issue 1, Pages 4-11Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.10.030
Keywords
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome; Coronavirus; Laboratory preparedness; Coronavirus; SARS
Categories
Funding
- European Public Health Training Program (Euphem), ECDC, Stockholm
- RIVM is partner in the ECDC sponsored outbreak assistance laboratory network ENIVD (European Network for Diagnostics of 'Imported' Viral Diseases) [ECDC/2013/012]
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Since the emergence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, many questions remain on modes of transmission and sources of virus. In outbreak situations, especially with emerging organisms causing severe human disease, it is important to understand the full spectrum of disease, and shedding kinetics in relation to infectivity and the ability to transmit the microorganism. Laboratory response capacity during the early stages of an outbreak focuses on development of virological and immunological methods for patient diagnosis, for contact tracing, and for epidemiological studies into sources, modes of transmission, identification of risk groups, and animal reservoirs. However, optimal use of this core public health laboratory capacity requires a fundamental understanding of kinetics of viral shedding and antibody response, of assay validation and of interpretation of test outcomes. We reviewed available data from MERS-CoV case reports, and compared this with data on kinetics of shedding and immune response from published literature on other human coronaviruses (hCoVs). We identify and discuss important data gaps, and biases that limit the laboratory preparedness to this novel disease. Public health management will benefit from standardised reporting of methods used, details of test outcomes by sample type, sampling date, in relation to symptoms and risk factors, along with the currently reported demographic, clinical and epidemiological findings. (C) 2013 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
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