Journal
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
Volume 26, Issue 17, Pages 2800-2805Publisher
AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2007.15.5945
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Funding
- NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA113602-02, R01 CA113602, R01 CA112481, 1-R01-CA113602, R21 CA161510, 1-R01-CA112481, R01 CA112481-04] Funding Source: Medline
- NIAID NIH HHS [R21 AI067354, R21 AI067354-02, 1-R21-AI067354] Funding Source: Medline
- NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES010337, 5-P42 ES10337] Funding Source: Medline
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In an effort to review the evidence that liver cancer stem cells exist, two fundamental questions must be addressed. First, do hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) arise from liver stem cells? Second, do HCCs contain cells that possess properties of cancer stem cells? For many years the finding of preneoplastic nodules in the liver during experimental induction of HCCs by chemicals was interpreted to support the hypothesis that HCC arose by dedifferentiation of mature liver cells. More recently, recognition of the role of small oval cells in the carcinogenic process led to a new hypothesis that HCC arises by maturation arrest of liver stem cells. Analysis of the cells in HCC supports the presence of cells with stem-cell properties (ie, immortality, transplantability, and resistance to therapy). However, definitive markers for these putative cancer stem cells have not yet been found and a liver cancer stem cell has not been isolated.
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