4.8 Article

Immune cell trafficking from the brain maintains CNS immune tolerance

Journal

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
Volume 124, Issue 3, Pages 1228-1241

Publisher

AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC
DOI: 10.1172/JCI71544

Keywords

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Funding

  1. Multiple Sclerosis Research Australia
  2. MS Angels Canberra
  3. SpinalCure/NRMA
  4. National Multiple Sclerosis Society USA
  5. Trish Multiple Sclerosis Research Foundation Australia
  6. New South Wales Health Research and Development Infrastructure grants
  7. NHMRC
  8. NIH [NS-21182]
  9. Clayton Medical Research Foundation
  10. Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust [2012PG-MED002]
  11. SpinalCure Australia Career Development Fellowship

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In the CNS, no pathway dedicated to immune surveillance has been characterized for preventing the anti-CNS immune responses that develop in autoimmune neuroinflammatory disease. Here, we identified a pathway for immune cells to traffic from the brain that is associated with the rostral migratory stream (RMS), which is a forebrain source of newly generated neurons. Evaluation of fluorescently labeled leukocyte migration in mice revealed that DCs travel via the RMS from the CNS to the cervical LNs (CxLNs), where they present antigen to T cells. Pharmacologic interruption of immune cell traffic with the mononuclear cell-sequestering drug fmgolimod influenced anti-CNS T cell responses in the CxLNs and modulated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) severity in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Fingolimod treatment also induced EAE in a disease-resistant transgenic mouse strain by altering DC-mediated Treg functions in CxLNs and disrupting CNS immune tolerance. These data describe an immune cell pathway that originates in the CNS and is capable of dampening anti-CNS immune responses in the periphery. Furthermore, these data provide insight into how fmgolimod treatment might exacerbate CNS neuroinflarnmation in some cases and suggest that focal therapeutic interventions, outside the CNS have the potential to selectively modify anti-CNS immunity.

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