Journal
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
Volume 121, Issue 5, Pages 1753-1767Publisher
AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC
DOI: 10.1172/JCI43922
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Funding
- NIH [R01CA93999, R01CA106176, R01DK58587, R01CA77955, R01CA116087]
- Prevent Cancer Foundation
- Digestive Disease Research Center (DDRC) [DKP30DK058404]
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC) [P30CA068485]
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Trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes a peptide belonging to the trefoil factor family of protease-resistant peptides. Although TFF1 expression is frequently lost in gastric carcinomas, the tumorigenic pathways this affects have not been determined. Here we show that Tff1-knockout mice exhibit age-dependent carcinogenic histological changes in the pyloric antrum of the gastric mucosa, progressing from gastritis to hyperplasia, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, and ultimately malignant adenocarcinoma. The histology and molecular signatures of gastric lesions in the Tff1-knockout mice were consistent with an inflammatory phenotype. In vivo, ex-vivo, and in vitro studies showed that TFF1 expression suppressed TNF-alpha-mediated NF-kappa B activation through the TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1)I kappa B kinase (IKK) pathway. Consistent with these mouse data, human gastric tissue samples displayed a progressive decrease in TFF1 expression and an increase in NF-kappa B activation along the multi-step carcinogenesis cascade. Collectively, these results provide evidence that loss of TFF1 leads to activation of IKK complex-regulated NF-kappa B transcription factors and is an important event in shaping the NF-kappa B-mediated inflammatory response during the progression to gastric tumorigenesis.
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