Endoscopic Endonasal Extended Approaches for the Management of Large Pituitary Adenomas

The management of giant and large pituitary adenomas with wide intracranial extension or infrasellar involvement of nasal and paranasal cavities is a big challenge for neurosurgeons and the best surgical approach indications are still controversial. Endoscopic extended endonasal approaches have been proposed as a new surgical technique for the treatment of such selected pituitary adenomas. Surgical series coming from many centers all around the world are flourishing and results, in terms of outcomes and complications, seem encouraging. This technique could be considered a valid alternative to the transcranial route for the management of giant and large pituitary adenomas.