Diabetes-Associated MicroRNAs in Pediatric Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study

Context: Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are used as novel biomarkers for diseases. miR-21, miR-126, and miR-210 are known to be deregulated in vivo or in vitro under diabetic conditions. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the circulating miR-21, miR-126, and miR-210 in plasma and urine from pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes and to link our findings to cardiovascular and diabetic nephropathy risk factors in children with type 1 diabetes. Design: miR-21, miR-126, and miR-210 concentrations were measured with quantitative RT-PCR in plasma and urine samples from 68 pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes and 79 sex-and age-matched controls. Setting: The study consisted of clinical pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes. Patients or Other Participants: Inclusion criterion for patients was diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Exclusion criteria were febrile illness during the last 3 months; chronic inflammatory or rheumatic disease; hepatitis; HIV; glucocorticoid treatment; liver, renal, or cardiac failure; or hereditary dyslipidemia. Patients were age and sex matched to controls. Main Outcome Measure(s): Main outcome parameters were changes in miR-21, miR-126, and miR-210 concentration in plasma and urine from type 1 diabetic patients compared with corresponding controls. Results: Circulating miRNA levels of miR-21 and miR-210 were significantly up-regulated in the plasma and urine of the type 1 diabetic patients. Urinary miR-126 levels in diabetic patients were significantly lower than in age-and gender-matched controls and negatively correlated between the patient's glycated hemoglobin mean and miR-126 concentration value. In contrast, circulating miR-126 levels in plasma were comparable in both cohorts. For urinary miR-21, we found by an adjusted receiver-operating characteristic-curve analysis with an area under the curve of 0.78. Conclusions: Type 1 diabetic pediatric patients revealed a significant deregulation of miR-21, miR-126, and miR-210 in plasma and urinary samples, which might indicate an early onset of diabetic-associated diseases.