Journal
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
Volume 99, Issue 12, Pages 4664-4673Publisher
ENDOCRINE SOC
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-2104
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [R01 HL 077674, K24 HL092902, R01 DK052625, R24 DK092759, K23 DK094820, K23 MH092560, K23 RR-23090, T32 DK 007028, UL1 RR025758, K12 HD051959]
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Context: Data suggest that anorexia nervosa (AN) and obesity are complicated by elevated fracture risk, but skeletal site-specific data are lacking. Traditional bone mineral density (BMD) measurements are unsatisfactory at both weight extremes. Hip structural analysis (HSA) uses dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry datato estimate hip geometry and femoral strength. Factor of risk (phi) is the ratio of force applied to the hip from a fall with respect to femoral strength; higher values indicate higher hip fracture risk. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate hip fracture risk in AN and overweight/obese women. Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Setting: The study was conducted at a Clinical Research Center. Patients: Patients included 368 women (aged 19-45 y): 246 AN, 53 over weight/obese, and 69 lean controls. Main Outcome Measures: HSA-derived femoral geometry, peak factor of risk for hip fracture, and factor of risk for hip fracture attenuated by trochanteric soft tissue (phi(attenuated)) were measured. Results: Most HSA-derived parameters were impaired in AN and superior in obese/overweight women vs controls at the narrow neck, intertrochanteric, and femoral shaft (P <= .03). The phi(attenuated) was highest in AN and lowest in overweight/obese women (P < .0001). Lean mass was associated with superior, and duration of amenorrhea with inferior, HSA-derived parameters and phi(attenuated) (P < .05). Mean phi(attenuated) (P = .036), but not femoral neck BMD or HSA-estimated geometry, was impaired in women who had experienced fragility fractures. Conclusions: Femoral geometry by HSA, hip BMD, and factor of risk for hip fracture attenuated by soft tissue are impaired in AN and superior in obesity, suggesting higher and lower hip fracture risk, respectively. Only attenuated factor of risk was associated with fragility fracture prevalence, suggesting that variability in soft tissue padding may help explain site-specific fracture risk not captured by BMD.
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