Journal
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL DENSITOMETRY
Volume 14, Issue 2, Pages 85-94Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2010.12.002
Keywords
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; fracture risk; low bone mineral density; neurological disability; osteoporosis
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Funding
- National Medical Rehabilitation Trust Ltd.
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This article is a review of the changes in bone mineral density (BMD), which occur in a number of acquired neurological conditions resulting in disability. For each of spinal cord injury, stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and traumatic brain injury, the following aspects are discussed, where information is available: prevalence of low BMD according to World Health Organization diagnostic categories and recommended diagnostic method, prevalence based on other diagnostic tools, comparison of BMD with a control population, rate of decline of BMD following onset of the neurological condition, factors influencing decline; mechanism of bone loss, and fracture rates. The common risk factors of immobilization and vitamin D deficiency would appear to cross all disability groups, with the most rapid phase of bone loss occurring in the acute and subacute phases of each condition.
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