Journal
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
Volume 56, Issue -, Pages 276-293Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.05.008
Keywords
Brain injury; Dementia pugilistica; Athletes; Dementia; Concussion
Categories
Funding
- INTRuST Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Traumatic Brain Injury Clinical Consortium - Department of Defense Psychological Health/Traumatic Brain Injury Research Program [X81XWH-07-CC-CSDoD]
- Harvard Integrated Program to Protect and Improve the Health of NFLPA
- NICHD Brain and Tissue Bank at the University of Maryland
- New South Wales Sporting Injuries Committee
- Brain Foundation, Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health
- Victorian Government
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Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) has been described in the literature as a neurodegenerative disease with: (i) localized neuronal and glial accumulations of phosphorylated tau (p-tau) involving perivascular areas of the cerebral cortex, sulcal depths, and with a preference for neurons within superficial cortical laminae; (ii) multifocal axonal varicosities and axonal loss involving deep cortex and subcortical white matter; (iii) relative absence of beta-amyloid deposits; (iv) TDP-43 immunoreactive inclusions and neurites; and (v) broad and diverse clinical features. Some of the pathological findings reported in the literature may be encountered with age and other neurodegenerative diseases. However, the focality of the p-tau cortical findings in particular, and the regional distribution, are believed to be unique to CTE. The described clinical features in recent cases are very similar to how depression manifests in middle-aged men and with frontotemporal dementia as the disease progresses. It has not been established that the described tau pathology, especially in small amounts, can cause complex changes in behavior such as depression, substance abuse, suicidality, personality changes, or cognitive impairment. Future studies will help determine the extent to which the neuropathology is causally related to the diverse clinical features. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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