Journal
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
Volume 34, Issue 9, Pages 925-935Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2012.702733
Keywords
Brain reserve; Cortical thickness; Education; Literacy; Hippocampal volume; Mild cognitive impairment; Aging
Categories
Funding
- Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI
- National Institutes of Health) [U01 AG024904]
- National Institute on Aging
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) [P30 AG010129, P50 AG05131, K01 AG030514, AG031224, K01AG029218]
- National Center for Research Resources [U24 RR021382]
- Dana Foundation
- Veterans Administration Fellowship
- Abbott
- AstraZeneca AB
- Bayer Schering Pharma AG
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Eisai Global Clinical Development
- Elan Corporation
- Genentech
- GE Healthcare
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Innogenetics
- Johnson and Johnson
- Eli Lilly and Co.
- Medpace, Inc.
- Merck and Co., Inc.
- Novartis AG
- Pfizer Inc.
- F. Hoffman-La Roche
- Schering-Plough
- Synarc, Inc.
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Education may reduce risk of dementia through passive reserve, by increasing neural substrate. We tested the hypotheses that education is associated with thicker cortex and reduced rates of atrophy in brain regions related to literacy and intellectual ability. Healthy older adults and those with mild cognitive impairment were categorized into high (>= 18 years) and low (<= 13 years) education groups. Higher education was associated with thinner cortices in several areas, but one-year atrophy rates in these areas did not differ by education group. These results do not support a passive reserve model in which early-life education protects against dementia by increasing cortical thickness. Connectivity and synaptic efficiency or other lifestyle factors may more directly reflect cognitive reserve.
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