Journal
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
Volume 58, Issue -, Pages 82-91Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.06.034
Keywords
Co-benefits; Greenhouse gas; Air pollutants; Public transportation; Cost; Urban area
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [71033004, 712111042, 41101126]
- Ministry of Science and technology [2011BAJ06B01, 2011DFA91810]
- Chinese Academy of Sciences [2008-318]
- United Nations University's Cobenefits Project
- Green Talents Program under Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany)
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Buses and taxies are the most widely used vehicles for urban public transportation in developing countries. They contribute significantly to the emissions of greenhouse gas and air pollutants. Policy makers consider the introduction of new emissions standard vehicles and alternative fuel vehicles in bus and taxi fleets as an attractive measure for reducing the emissions of greenhouse gas and air pollutants. It is important to understand the environmental benefits and economic challenges involved in fleet conversion. However, few studies have been conducted, especially in developing countries. This study analyzes the cost effectiveness and environmental benefits of various vehicles by employing a case study in Shenyang, China. The results showed that CNG bus has the best overall economic and environmental performances, while diesel car is one possible choice for taxi selection when considering the current technology level. Although direct emissions are lower for both hybrid and electricity vehicles, embodied emissions are higher, plus higher costs, making them not suitable as public transportation tools, at least for the current stage. In order to further improve co-benefits in public transportation sector, an integrated effort is needed, including the gradual phase-out of inefficient vehicles, green vehicle purchase, infrastructure improvement and capacity-building initiatives. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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