Journal
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
Volume 1243, Issue -, Pages 23-32Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.04.038
Keywords
Clomiphene; Metabolites; Liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21077135]
- Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province [10151027501000097]
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Clomiphene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, is prohibited by World Anti Doping Agency (WADA) out-of-competition and in-competition. As it is extensively metabolized, further investigation of clomiphene metabolic profile will be essential to routine anti-doping analysis. The metabolic pathway and the different metabolites of clomiphene in human urine collected from three healthy volunteers during 1 week were studied by liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOFMS) based on accurate mass measurement. Seven unreported metabolites were identified and characterized, and all of the newly found urinary metabolites belonged to a new metabolic pathway (hydrogenation). An approach for the metabolism study of clomiphene and its analogs by LC-QTOFMS was presented. Two metabolites. 3,4-dihydroxy-dihydro-clomiphene (m/z 440.1991) and 3,4-dihydroxy-dihydro-deethyl-clomiphne (m/z 412.1674), are the potential biomarkers for monitoring oral administration of clomiphene in doping control. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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