Journal
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
Volume 1227, Issue -, Pages 29-37Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.097
Keywords
Ionic liquids; Ionic liquid-based surfactants; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; High-performance liquid chromatography; Fluorescence detection; Microwave-assisted extraction; Food samples
Funding
- Spanish Ministry of Innovation and Science (MICINN)
- University of La Laguna (ULL)
- Canary Agency for Research and Innovation (ACIISI)
- MICINN [CTQ2008-06253/BQU]
- Division of Chemistry and the Separation
- Chemical, Environmental, Bioengineering, and Transport Systems
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Chemistry [0748612] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Office Of The Director
- Office of Integrative Activities [0963345] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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A preconcentration procedure utilizing IL-based surfactants it is described for the first time. The procedure is based on transforming a water-soluble IL-based surfactant, 1-hexadecyl-3-butylimidazolium bromide (C(16)C(4)lm-Br), into a water-insoluble IL, 1-hexadecyl-3-butylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethane)sulfonyl]imide (C(16)C(4)lm-NTf2), via a simple metathesis reaction. The preconcentration procedure is used in combination with a micellar microwave-assisted extraction (MMAE) method for the analysis of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from toasted cereals. The obtained microdroplet of C(16)C(4)lm-NTf2 containing the extracted PAHs is then diluted with acetonitrile and injected into a high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) employing UV-vis and fluorescence detection. This in situ preconcentration step highly improves the sensitivity of the MMAE despite the complexity of the solid matrix. The developed in situ preconcentration method exhibited almost quantitative extraction efficiencies (80-95% in average) for the PAHs studied, and good precision values (lower than 14%). The overall MMAE + in situ preconcentration method presented limits of detection down to 0.03 mu g kg(-1). (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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