Journal
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
Volume 1253, Issue -, Pages 52-57Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.091
Keywords
3-Nitrobenzanthrone; Airborne particle; Particle size; Incinerator dust; On-line reduction; Two-dimensional HPLC system
Funding
- Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare of Japan
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan
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3-Nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA) is an extremely strong mutagen and carcinogen in rats inducing squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. We developed a new sensitive analytical method, a two-dimensional HPLC system coupled with on-line reduction, to quantify non-fluorescent 3-NBA as fluorescent 3-aminobenzanthrone (3-ABA). The two-dimensional HPLC system consisted of reversed-phase HPLC and normal-phase HPLC, which were connected with a switch valve. 3-NBA was purified by reversed-phase HPLC and reduced to 3-ABA with a catalyst column, packed with alumina coated with platinum, in ethanol. An alcoholic solvent is necessary for reduction of 3-NBA, but 3-ABA is not fluorescent in the alcoholic solvent. Therefore, 3-ABA was separated from alcohol and impurities by normal-phase HPLC and detected with a fluorescence detector. Extracts from surface soil, airborne particles, classified airborne particles, and incinerator dust were applied to the two-dimensional HPLC system after clean-up with a silica gel column. 3-NBA, detected as 3-ABA, in the extracts was found as a single peak on the chromatograms without any interfering peaks. 3-NBA was detected in 4 incinerator dust samples (n = 5). When classified airborne particles, that is, those <1.1, 1.1-2.0, 2.0-3.3, 3.3-7.0, and >7.0 mu m in size, were applied to the two-dimensional HPLC system after purified using a silica gel column, 3-NBA was detected in those particles with particle sizes <1.1 and 1.1-2.0 mu m and the particle-size distribution ratios were 84% and 16%, respectively. This is the first report on the particle-size distribution of 3-NBA in airborne particles and the detection of 3-NBA in incinerator dust. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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