Utilization of a benzyl functionalized polymeric ionic liquid for the sensitive determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, parabens and alkylphenols in waters using solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-flame ionization detection

The functionalized polymeric Ionic liquid poly(1(4-vinylbenzy1)-3-hexadecylimidazollum bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide (poly(VBHDIm(+)NTf(2)(-))) has been used as successful coating in solid-phase microextraction (SPME) to determine a group of fourteen endocrine disrupting chemicals (ECDs) including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) alkylphenols and parabens in several water samples The performance of the PIL fiber in direct immersion mode SPME followed by gas chromatography (GC) with flame-ionization detection (FID) is characterized with average relative recoveries higher than 96 1% from deionized waters and higher than 76 7% from drinking bottled waters with precision values (RSD) lower than 13% for deionized waters and lower than 14% for drinking bottled waters (spiked level of 1 ng mL(-1)) when using an extraction time of 60 min with 20 mL of aqueous sample Detection limits varied between 9 ng L(-1) and 7 ng mL(-1) A group of real water samples including drinking waters well waters and swimming pool waters have been analyzed under the optimized conditions A comparison has also been carried out with the commercial SPME coatings polydimethylsyloxane (PDMS) 30 mu m and polyacrylate (PA) 85 mu m The functionalized PIL fiber (similar to 12 mu m) demonstrated to be superior to both commercial fibers for the overall group of analytes studied in spite of its lower coating thickness A normalized sensitivity parameter is proposed as a qualitative tool to compare among fiber materials being higher for the poly(VBHDIm(+)NTf(2)(-)) coating Furthermore the partition coefficients of the studied analytes to the coating materials have been determined A quantitative comparison among the partition coefficients also demonstrates the superior extraction capability of the functionalized PIL sorbent coating (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved