Sonoelectrochemical oxidation of carbamazepine in waters: optimization using response surface methodology

BACKGROUNDThe decomposition of carbamazepine (CBZ) in synthetic solution and in municipal effluent was investigated using a sono-electrochemical reactor. Sono-electrolysis was conducted using two concentrical electrodes installed in a cylindrical reactor containing a ceramic transducer. RESULTSCBZ concentration (C-0=10 mgL(-1)) optimally diminished up to 90% by applying a current intensity of 4.86A for 177 min and by imposing an ultrasound power of 38.29 W. The optimal conditions were subsequently applied for tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater effluent contaminated with 10 mu g CBZL(-1). The reported removal efficiencies of CBZ, TOC, COD and colour were 93%, 60%, 93% and 86%, respectively. Likewise, the toxicity was completely removed (bacterium Vibrio fisheri) from the municipal wastewater effluent (>96%). CONCLUSIONSThe advantages of coupling ultrasonication and electrooxidation (US-EO) treatment for CBZ removal were demonstrated. An experimental design methodology based on response surface methodology was applied to determine the optimal experimental conditions in terms of cost/effectiveness of removal. (c) 2014 Society of Chemical Industry