Journal
NEURON
Volume 87, Issue 6, Pages 1181-1192Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.013
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [NIH F31 DC012719, NIH RO1 DC002260, NIH RO1 DC014101]
- Hearing Research Inc. (San Francisco)
- Klingenstein Foundation
- J.C. and E. Coleman Memorial Fund
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Cortical function is regulated by a strikingly diverse array of local-circuit inhibitory neurons. We evaluated how optogenetically activating somatostatinand parvalbumin-positive interneurons subtractively or divisively suppressed auditory cortical cells' responses to tones. In both awake and anesthetized animals, we found that activating either family of interneurons produced mixtures of divisive and subtractive effects and that simultaneously recorded neurons were often suppressed in qualitatively different ways. A simple network model shows that threshold nonlinearities can interact with network activity to transform subtractive inhibition of neurons into divisive inhibition of networks, or vice versa. Varying threshold and the strength of suppression of a model neuron could determine whether the effect of inhibition appeared divisive, subtractive, or both. We conclude that the characteristics of response inhibition specific to a single interneuron type can be masked by the network configuration and cellular properties of the network in which they are embedded.
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