Journal
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
Volume 139, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
AMER INST PHYSICS
DOI: 10.1063/1.4813626
Keywords
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Funding
- FRC [R-144-000-244-133, R-144-000-259-112]
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Directional motion of nanoscale motors and driven particles in an isothermal environment costs a finite amount of energy despite zero work as decreed by the 2nd law, but quantifying this general limit remains difficult. Here we derive a universal equality linking directional fidelity of an arbitrary nanoscale object to the least possible energy driving it. The fidelity-energy equality depends on the environmental temperature alone; any lower energy would violate the 2nd law in a thought experiment. Real experimental proof for the equality comes from force-induced motion of biological nanomotors by three independent groups - for translational as well as rotational motion. Interestingly, the natural self-propelled motion of a biological nanomotor (F1-ATPase) known to have nearly 100% energy efficiency evidently pays the 2nd law decreed least energy cost for direction production. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.
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