Journal
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
Volume 135, Issue 22, Pages -Publisher
AMER INST PHYSICS
DOI: 10.1063/1.3664620
Keywords
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Funding
- Center for Electrical Energy Storage-Tailored Interfaces, an Energy Frontier Research Center
- (U.S.) Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02- 06CH11]
- (U.S.) Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
- (U.S.) Department of Energy
- NSERC
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In lithium ion batteries, decomposition of the electrolyte and its associated passivation of the electrode surface occurs at low potentials, resulting in an electronically insulating, but Li-ion conducting, solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The products of the SEI and their chemical constituents/properties play an important role in the long-term stability and performance of the battery. Reactivity and the sub-keV core binding energies of lithium, carbon, oxygen, and fluorine species in the SEI present technical challenges in the spectroscopy of these compounds. Using an alternative approach, non-resonant inelastic x-ray scattering, we examine the near-edge spectra of bulk specimens of common SEI compounds, including LiF, Li(2)CO(3), LiOH, LiOH center dot H(2)O, and Li(2)O. By working at hard x-ray energies, we also experimentally differentiate the s- and p-symmetry components of lithium's unoccupied states using the evolution of its K edge with momentum transfer. We find good agreement with theoretical spectra calculated using a Bethe-Salpeter approach in all cases. These results provide an analytical and diagnostic foundation for better understanding of the makeup of SEIs and the mechanism of their formation. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3664620]
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