Exact two-component relativistic theory for nuclear magnetic resonance parameters

An exact two-component (X2C) relativistic theory for nuclear magnetic resonance parameters is obtained by first a single block-diagonalization of the matrix representation of the Dirac operator in a magnetic-field-dependent basis and then a magnetic perturbation expansion of the resultant two-component Hamiltonian and transformation matrices. Such a matrix formulation is not only simple but also general in the sense that the various ways of incorporating the field dependence can be treated in a unified manner. The X2C dia- and paramagnetic terms agree individually with the corresponding four-component ones up to machine accuracy for any basis.