4.3 Article

First Contact Pheromone Identified for a Longhorned Beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the Subfamily Prioninae

Journal

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY
Volume 36, Issue 9, Pages 943-954

Publisher

SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10886-010-9837-8

Keywords

Mallodon dasystomus; Mating behavior; Contact pheromone; Chemoreception; Sex pheromone; Solid phase microextraction

Funding

  1. Purdue University Department of Entomology
  2. USDA Forest Service [08-JV-11330127-076]
  3. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Lower Mississippi Valley Joint Venture) [06-IA-11330127-189, 07-IA-11330127-171]

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Little is known of the reproductive behavior of longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the subfamily Prioninae. Mallodon dasystomus (Say), the hardwood stump borer, is a widely distributed prionine that is native to the southern U.S. Here, we explored the chemically-mediated mating behavior of M. dasystomus, and tested the hypothesis that males recognize females by a contact pheromone. In mating bioassays, all males tested attempted to mate with females only after contacting females with their antennae. Moreover, all males attempted to mate with solvent-washed dead females treated with as little as 0.15 +/- 0.03 female equivalents of conspecific cuticular extracts, confirming that compounds on the cuticle of females are essential for mate recognition. Cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of females contained 13 compounds that were not present in profiles of males. Among the female-specific compounds, two co-dominant methyl-branched alkanes, 2-methylhexacosane (2Me-C-26) and 2-methyloctacosane (2Me-C-28), accounted for 17% of the total hydrocarbons. Our strategy for identifying the contact pheromone was to synthesize and test the bioactivity of female specific compounds, starting with the most abundant. In bioassays, males displayed mating behavior in response to synthetic 2Me-C-26 and 2Me-C-28 when tested individually. Furthermore, when these compounds were tested in combination, they elicited the full progression of mating behaviors, suggesting that 2Me-C-26 and 2Me-C-28 make up the contact pheromone. These findings are further evidence of the critical role of contact pheromones in mating systems of longhorned beetles.

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