Contributions of degradation and brain-to-blood elimination across the blood-brain barrier to cerebral clearance of human amyloid-β peptide(1-40) in mouse brain

The purpose of the present study was to estimate the relative contributions of degradation and brain-to-blood elimination processes to the clearance of microinjected human amyloid-beta peptide(1-40) (hA beta(1-40)) from mouse cerebral cortex, using a solid-phase extraction method together with a newly developed ultraperformance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS) quantitation method for intact hA beta(1-40). The clearance rate constant of hA beta(1-40) in mouse cerebral cortex was determined to be 3.21 x 10(-2)/min under conditions where the saturable brain-to-blood elimination process across the blood brain barrier (BBB) was expected to be saturated. Thus, this clearance rate constant should mainly reflect degradation. The [I-125]hA beta(1-40) elimination rate across the BBB under nonsaturating conditions was determined to be 1.48 x 10(-2)/min. Inhibition studies suggested that processes sensitive to insulin and phosphoramidon, which inhibit neprilysin, insulin-degrading enzyme, and endothelin-converting enzyme, are involved not only in degradation, but also in elimination of hA beta(1-40). In conclusion, our results suggest a dominant contribution of degradation to cerebral hA beta(1-40) clearance, and also indicate that a sequential process of degradation and elimination of degradation products is involved in cerebral hA beta(1-40) clearance.