Journal
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
Volume 30, Issue 1, Pages 15-35Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2009.192
Keywords
blood-brain barrier; CNS tumors; magnetic resonance imaging; ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
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Funding
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, a Department of Defense Center of Excellence [NS33618, NS34608, NS053468, NS44687]
- AMAG Pharmaceuticals Inc
- Department of Veterans Affairs
- Neurosurgery Research and Education Foundation grant sponsored by Codman
- Johnson & Johnson Company
- NIH [RO1-EB007258]
- WM Keck Foundation
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL IMAGING AND BIOENGINEERING [R01EB007258] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE [R01NS053468, R01NS044687, R01NS033618, R37NS044687, R01NS034608] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have diverse diagnostic and potential therapeutic applications in the central nervous system (CNS). They are useful as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents to evaluate: areas of blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction related to tumors and other neuroinflammatory pathologies, the cerebrovasculature using perfusion-weighted MRI sequences, and in vivo cellular tracking in CNS disease or injury. Novel, targeted, nanoparticle synthesis strategies will allow for a rapidly expanding range of applications in patients with brain tumors, cerebral ischemia or stroke, carotid atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, and epilepsy. These strategies may ultimately improve disease detection, therapeutic monitoring, and treatment efficacy especially in the context of antiangiogenic chemotherapy and antiinflammatory medications. The purpose of this review is to outline the current status of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in the context of biomedical nanotechnology as they apply to diagnostic MRI and potential therapeutic applications in neurooncology and other CNS inflammatory conditions. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism (2010) 30, 15-35; doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2009.192; published online 16 September 2009
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