Journal
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
Volume 29, Issue 2, Pages 342-354Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2008.124
Keywords
gliogenesis; inflammation; juvenile brain; neonatal brain; neurogenesis
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Funding
- Swedish Research Council
- Swedish Childhood Cancer Foundation (Barncancerfonden)
- Swedish governmental
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [30470598]
- Ministry of Education of China
- King Gustav V Jubilee Clinic Research Foundation (JK-fonden)
- Wilhelm and Martina Lundgren Foundation
- Frimurare Barnhus Foundation
- Gothenburg Medical Society
- Swedish Society of Medicine
- Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA)
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Regenerative responses after hypoxia-ischemia ( HI) were investigated in the immature (P9) and juvenile (P21) mouse striatum and cortex by postischemic 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine labeling and phenotyping of labeled cells 4 weeks later. HI stimulated the formation of new cells in striatum and cortex in immature, growing brains ( P9), but when brain growth was finished ( P21) proliferation could be stimulated only in striatum, not in cortex. However, the relative increase was higher in P21 (460%) than P9 striatum (50%), though starting from a lower level at P21. Starting from this lower level, HI-induced proliferation in P21 striatum reached the same level as in P9 striatum, but not higher. Phenotyping revealed that low levels of neurogenesis were still present in nonischemic P9 cortex and striatum, but only in striatum at P21. Ischemia-induced neurogenesis was found only in P9 striatum. Ischemia-induced gliogenesis occurred in P9 and P21 striatum as well as P9 cortex, but not in P21 cortex. Hence, the regenerative response was stronger in striatum than cortex, and stronger in P9 than P21 cortex. The biggest ischemia-induced change was the 49-fold increase in P21 striatal microglia, and this was accompanied by increased inflammation, as judged by the size and numbers of CCL2-and interleukin-18-positive cells.
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