Journal
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
Volume 16, Issue 8, Pages 1750-1757Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01472.x
Keywords
HDM2; VEGF; HIF-1a; STAT3; angiogenesis; hypoxia
Categories
Funding
- Center of Excellence for Marine Biology and Biotechnology by the State of Florida through Florida Atlantic University (Boca Raton, Florida)
- President's Faculty Research and Development Grant of Nova Southeastern University
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On the basis of increasing roles for HDM2 oncoprotein in cancer growth and progression, we speculated that HDM2 might play a major role in hypoxia-induced metastatic process. For verification of this hypothesis, wild-type LNCaP prostate cancer cells and HDM2 transfected LNCaP-MST (HDM2 stably transfected) cells were studied. The data obtained from our experiments revealed that the HDM2 transfected LNCaP-MST cells possessed an ability to multiply rapidly and show distinct morphological features compared to non-transfected LNCaP cells. During exposures to hypoxia HDM2 expression in the LNCaP and LNCaP-MST cells was significantly higher compared to the normoxic levels. The LNCaP-MST cells also expressed higher levels of HIF-1a (hypoxia-inducible factor-1a) and p-STAT3 even under the normoxic conditions compared to the non-transfected cells. The HIF-1a and p-STAT3 expressions were increased several fold when the cells were subjected to hypoxic conditions. The HIF-1a and p-STAT3 protein expressions observed in HDM2 transfected LNCaP-MST cells were 20 and 15 folds higher, respectively, compared to the non-transfected wild-type LNCaP cells. These results demonstrate that HDM2 may have an important regulatory role in mediating the HIF-1a and p-STAT3 protein expression during both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression that is typically regulated by HIF-1a and p-STAT3 was also increased significantly by 136% (P < 0.01) after HDM2 transfection. The overall results point towards a novel ability of HDM2 in regulating HIF-1a and p-STAT3 levels even in normoxic conditions that eventually lead to an up-regulation of VEGF expression.
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