Journal
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
Volume 16, Issue 1, Pages 8-21Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01359.x
Keywords
MicroRNA; polymorphism; SNP; cancer; risk factor; diagnosis; prognosis; prediction
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Funding
- Internal Grant Agency of Czech Ministry of Health (IGA MZ CR) [NS 10352-3/2009, NS/9814]
- Czech Ministry of Health [MZ0MOU2005]
- CEITEC Central European Institute of Technology [CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0068]
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, which regulate gene expression. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may occur in miRNA biogenesis pathway genes, primary miRNA, pre-miRNA or a mature miRNA sequence. Such polymorphisms may be functional with respect to biogenesis and actions of mature miRNA. Specific SNPs were identified in predicted miRNA target sites within 3' untranslated regions of mRNAs. These SNPs have a potential to affect the efficiency of miRNA binding to the target sites or can create or disrupt binding sites. Resulting gene dysregulation may involve changes in phenotype and may eventually prove critical for the susceptibility to cancer and its onset as well as for estimates of prognosis and therapy response. In this review, we provide a comprehensive list of potentially functional miRNA-related SNPs and summarize their importance as candidate cancer biomarkers.
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