Journal
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
Volume 125, Issue 23, Pages 5597-5608Publisher
COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/jcs.114827
Keywords
Metabolism; Stem cells; ESCs; Reprogramming; iPSCs; HSCs; NSCs; AMPK; FOXO; mTOR; SIRT1; Insulin; Hypoxia; Aging
Categories
Funding
- National Institute on Aging [P01 AG036695]
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine New Faculty Award
- Ellison Medical Foundation
- Glenn Foundation for Medical Research
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) [5F31NS064600]
- Stanford University
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Metabolism is influenced by age, food intake, and conditions such as diabetes and obesity. How do physiological or pathological metabolic changes influence stem cells, which are crucial for tissue homeostasis? This Commentary reviews recent evidence that stem cells have different metabolic demands than differentiated cells, and that the molecular mechanisms that control stem cell self-renewal and differentiation are functionally connected to the metabolic state of the cell and the surrounding stem cell niche. Furthermore, we present how energy-sensing signaling molecules and metabolism regulators are implicated in the regulation of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Finally, we discuss the emerging literature on the metabolism of induced pluripotent stem cells and how manipulating metabolic pathways might aid cellular reprogramming. Determining how energy metabolism regulates stem cell fate should shed light on the decline in tissue regeneration that occurs during aging and facilitate the development of therapies for degenerative or metabolic diseases.
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