Journal
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
Volume 124, Issue 7, Pages 1136-1144Publisher
COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/jcs.075796
Keywords
Embryonic stem cells; Leukemia inhibitory factor; Self-renewal; Src family kinases; Yes-associated protein
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Funding
- Swedish Research Council
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Association
- Swedish Diabetes Association
- Jaenssons' Foundations
- Faculty of Medicine Uppsala University
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The cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase Yes has previously been shown to have an important role in maintaining mouse and human embryonic stem (ES) self-renewal through an unknown pathway downstream of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and one or more factors in serum. Here, we show that TEAD2 and its transcriptional co-activator, the Yes-associated protein YAP, co-operate in a signaling pathway downstream of Yes. We show that YAP, TEAD2 and Yes are highly expressed in self-renewing ES cells, are activated by LIF and serum, and are downregulated when cells are induced to differentiate. We also demonstrate that kinase-active Yes binds and phosphorylates YAP, and activates YAP-TEAD2-dependent transcription. We found that TEAD2 associates directly with the Oct-3/4 promoter. Moreover, activation of the Yes pathway induced activity of the Oct-3/4 and Nanog promoters, whereas suppression of this pathway inhibited promoter activity. Nanog, in turn, suppressed TEAD2-dependent promoter activity, whereas siRNA-mediated knockdown of Nanog induced it, suggesting a negative regulatory feedback loop. Episomal supertransfection of cells with inhibitory TEAD2-EnR induced endodermal differentiation, which suggests that this pathway is necessary for ES cell maintenance.
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