Journal
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
Volume 124, Issue 23, Pages 4027-4038Publisher
COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/jcs.087239
Keywords
Extracellular matrix; ECM; Hydra; Epithelium; Morphogenesis; Epithelial migration; Tissue remodeling
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health NIDDK [5 P01 DK065123]
- G. Harold and Lila Y. Mathers Charitable Foundation
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Growth and morphogenesis during embryonic development, asexual reproduction and regeneration require extensive remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). We used the simple metazoan Hydra to examine the fate of ECM during tissue morphogenesis and asexual budding. In growing Hydra, epithelial cells constantly move towards the extremities of the animal and into outgrowing buds. It is not known, whether these tissue movements involve epithelial migration relative to the underlying matrix or whether cells and ECM are displaced as a composite structure. Furthermore, it is unclear, how the ECM is remodeled to adapt to the shape of developing buds and tentacles. To address these questions, we used a new in vivo labeling technique for Hydra collagen-1 and laminin, and tracked the fate of ECM in all body regions of the animal. Our results reveal that Hydra 'tissue movements' are largely displacements of epithelial cells together with associated ECM. By contrast, during the evagination of buds and tentacles, extensive movement of epithelial cells relative to the matrix is observed, together with local ECM remodeling. These findings provide new insights into the nature of growth and morphogenesis in epithelial tissues.
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