Journal
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
Volume 124, Issue 20, Pages 3477-3483Publisher
COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/jcs.087221
Keywords
Endothelial cells; Shear stress; ATP release; Calcium (Ca2+) signalling; Caveolae
Categories
Funding
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology [S21220011, B22300150]
- Japan Science and Technology Agency [7815]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [22300150, 21220011] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Endothelial cells (ECs) release ATP in response to shear stress, a fluid mechanical force generated by flowing blood but, although its release has a crucial role in controlling a variety of vascular functions by activating purinergic receptors, the mechanism of ATP release has never been established. To analyze the dynamics of ATP release, we developed a novel chemiluminescence imaging method by using cell-surface-attached firefly luciferase and a CCD camera. Upon stimulation of shear stress, cultured human pulmonary artery ECs simultaneously released ATP in two different manners, a highly concentrated, localized manner and a less concentrated, diffuse manner. The localized ATP release occurred at caveolin-1-rich regions of the cell membrane, and was blocked by caveolin-1 knockdown with siRNA and the depletion of plasma membrane cholesterol with methyl-beta-cyclodexrin, indicating involvement of caveolae in localized ATP release. Ca2+ imaging with Fluo-4 combined with ATP imaging revealed that shear stress evoked an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and the subsequent Ca2+ wave that originated from the same sites as the localized ATP release. These findings suggest that localized ATP release at caveolae triggers shear-stress-dependent Ca2+ signaling in ECs.
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