Journal
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY
Volume 57, Issue 1, Pages 114-121Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/FJC.0b013e31820088ca
Keywords
aldosterone; SGK-1; cardiac hypertrophy; fibrosis; inflammation; oxidation
Funding
- Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Espana [SAF2007-61595]
- Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (FIS) [PI 09/0871]
- Red Cardiovascular del Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias [RD06/0014/0007]
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We aimed to evaluate the structural, functional, inflammatory, and oxidative alterations, as well as serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase-1 (SGK-1) expression, produced in rat heart by aldosterone + salt administration. Fibrosis mediators such as connective tissue growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase 2, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 were also evaluated. Treatment with spironolactone was evaluated to prove mineralocorticoid mediation. Male Wistar rats received aldosterone (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1)) + 1% NaCl for 3 weeks. Half of the animals were treated with spironolactone (200 mg.kg(-1).d(-1)). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, left ventricle (LV) systolic pressure, and LV end-diastolic pressure were elevated (P < 0.05) in aldosterone + salt-treated rats. In aldosterone + salt-treated rats, -dP/dt decreased (P < 0.05), but +dP/dt was similar in all groups. Spironolactone normalized (P < 0.05) systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, LV systolic pressure, LV end-diastolic pressure, and -dP/dt. Relative heart weight, collagen content, messenger RNA expression of transforming growth factor beta, connective tissue growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase 2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta, p22phox, endothelial nitric oxide synhtase, and SGK-1 were increased (P < 0.05) in aldosterone + salt-treated rats, being reduced by spironolactone (P < 0.05). SGK-1 might be a key mediator in the structural, functional, and molecular cardiac alterations induced by aldosterone + salt in rats. All the observed changes and mediators are related with the activation of mineralocorticoid receptors.
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