Journal
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
Volume 36, Issue 2, Pages 1121-1129Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.09.001
Keywords
TDP-43; Loss-of-function; ALS; FTD; AD; Drosophila
Categories
Funding
- Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT)
- Foundation for Research Flanders (FWO) in Belgium
- FWO
- Inserm, the University of Lille 2, DN2M (Demences des maladies Neurologiques et Mentales) as part of the contract project of the Etat Region Nord/Pas-de-Calais in France
- Interuniversity Attraction Poles program of the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) [P7/16]
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The human TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43), encoded by the gene TARDBP, plays a central role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia. TDP-43 inclusions are also found in up to approximately 60% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. Although ALS-causing TARDBP mutations cluster in the C-terminal glycine-rich region of the protein, the pathogenic nature of the atypical missense variants p.A90V (located between the bipartite nuclear localization signal) and p.D169G (located in the first RNA-binding domain) is unclear. In addition, whether causal ALS mutations represent gain or loss-of-function alleles remains unknown. We recently reported that loss-of-function of the highly conserved TARDBP ortholog in Drosophila (called TBPH) leads to death of bursicon neurons resulting in adult maturation and wing expansion defects. Here, we compared wild-type TARDBP, 2 typical ALS-causing mutations (p.G287S and p.A315T) and 2 atypical variants (p.A90V and p.D169G), for their ability to complement neuronal TBPH loss-of-function. Although p.D169G rescued organismal pupal lethality and neuronal loss to a similar extent as wild-type TARDBP, p.A90V, p.G287S, and p.A315T were less efficient. Accordingly, p.A90V, p.G287S, and p.A315T but not p.D169G or wild-type protein promoted a shift of TDP-43 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in approximately 12%-14% of bursicon neurons. Finally, we found that the carrier frequency of rare variant p.A90V was higher in French-Belgian AD cases (5/1714, 0.29%) than in controls of European descent (5/9436, 0.05%) (odds ratio = 5.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-19.0; p = 0.009). We propose that pathogenic TARDBP mutations have partial loss-of-function properties and that TARDBP p.A90V may increase AD risk by the same mechanism. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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