Journal
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
Volume 27, Issue 6, Pages 1357-1367Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1588
Keywords
GERM FREE; OSTEOPOROSIS; OSTEOIMMUNOLOGY; SEROTONIN; BONE METABOLISM
Categories
Funding
- Swedish Research Council
- Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research
- COMBINE
- Avtal om Lakarutbildning och Forskning/Lakarutbildningsavtalet in Gothenburg
- Lundberg Foundation
- Torsten and Ragnar Soderberg Foundation
- Novo Nordisk Foundation
- Magnus Bergvall Foundation
- Ake Wiberg Foundation
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The gut microbiota modulates host metabolism and development of immune status. Here we show that the gut microbiota is also a major regulator of bone mass in mice. Germ-free (GF) mice exhibit increased bone mass associated with reduced number of osteoclasts per bone surface compared with conventionally raised (CONV-R) mice. Colonization of GF mice with a normal gut microbiota normalizes bone mass. Furthermore, GF mice have decreased frequency of CD4+ T cells and CD11b+/GR 1 osteoclast precursor cells in bone marrow, which could be normalized by colonization. GF mice exhibited reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines in bone and bone marrow compared with CONV-R mice. In summary, the gut microbiota regulates bone mass in mice, and we provide evidence for a mechanism involving altered immune status in bone and thereby affected osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Further studies are required to evaluate the gut microbiota as a novel therapeutic target for osteoporosis. (C) 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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