New gene responsible for para-aminobenzoate biosynthesis

Folate is an essential cofactor in all living cells for one-carbon transfer reactions. para-Aminobenzoate (pABA), a building block of folate, is usually derived from chorismate in the shikimate pathway by reactions of aminodeoxychorismate synthase (PabA and -B) and 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate lyase (PabC). We previously suggested that an alternative pathway for pABA biosynthesis would operate in some microorganisms such as Lactobacillus fermentum and Nitrosomonas europaea since these bacteria showed a prototrophic phenotype to pABA despite the fact that there are no orthologs of pabA, -B, and -C in their genome databases. In this study, a gene of unknown function, NE1434, was obtained from N. europaea by shotgun cloning using a pABA-auxotrophic Escherichia coli mutant (Delta pabABC) as a host. A tracer experiment using [U-C-13(6)]glucose suggested that pABA was de novo synthesized in the transformant An E. coli Delta pabABC Delta aroB mutant carrying the NE1434 gene exhibited a prototrophic phenotype to pABA, suggesting that compounds in the shilrimate pathway including chorismate were not utilized as substrates by NE1434. Moreover, the CT610 gene, an ortholog of NE1434 located in the folate biosynthetic gene cluster in Chlamydia trachomatis, also complemented pABA-auxotrophic E. toll mutants. Taken together, these results suggest that NE1434 and CT610 participate in pABA biosynthesis. (C) 2013, The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. All rights reserved.