Journal
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Volume -, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
HINDAWI LTD
DOI: 10.1155/2011/729598
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Funding
- Japan Society for Promotion of Science
- Global Center of Excellence (COE), Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University of Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan
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We discuss the functional roles of beta(2)-adrenergic receptors in skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy as well as the adaptive responses of beta(2)-adrenergic receptor expression to anabolic and catabolic conditions. beta(2)-Adrenergic receptor stimulation using anabolic drugs increases muscle mass by promoting muscle protein synthesis and/or attenuating protein degradation. These effects are prevented by the downregulation of the receptor. Endurance training improves oxidative performance partly by increasing beta(2)-adrenergic receptor density in exercise-recruited slow-twitch muscles. However, excessive stimulation of beta(2)-adrenergic receptors negates their beneficial effects. Although the preventive effects of beta(2)-adrenergic receptor stimulation on atrophy induced by muscle disuse and catabolic hormones or drugs are observed, these catabolic conditions decrease beta(2)-adrenergic receptor expression in slow-twitch muscles. These findings present evidence against the use of beta(2)-adrenergic agonists in therapy for muscle wasting and weakness. Thus, beta(2)-adrenergic receptors in the skeletal muscles play an important physiological role in the regulation of protein and energy balance.
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