Journal
JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION
Volume 22, Issue 15, Pages 2063-2077Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1163/092050610X532638
Keywords
Biomaterials; proteins; tissue engineering; wheat glutenin; gliadin
Funding
- DOE [DE-FG36-02G012026]
- Nebraska Wheat Board
- USDA Hatch Act
- Agricultural Research Division at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln [S-1026]
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This paper demonstrates that gliadin-free wheat glutenin can be an excellent biomaterial for tissue-engineering applications, better than poly(lactic acid) (PLA). Although plant proteins are more readily available than collagen and silk, limited studies have been conducted on understanding the potential of using plant proteins as biomaterials. Wheat proteins have not been used for tissue engineering due to the cytotoxicity of gliadin. In this research, wheat gluten, glutenin and gliadin were used to develop films and the mechanical properties, water stability and ability of the films to promote the attachment, growth and viability of osteoblast cells was studied in comparison to PLA films. The wheat protein films have good strength ranging from 8 to 30 MPa. Gliadin films experience about 50% weight loss whereas glutenin films have about 90% weight loss after being in water (pH 7.2) for 15 days at 37 degrees C. Gliadin is cytotoxic and the presence of gliadin restricts the cell proliferation on wheat gluten films. However, gliadin-free glutenin films show a higher rate of proliferation of osteoblast cells than the PLA films. Wheat gluten promises to be a potential substrate for tissue engineering and other medical applications. (C) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2011
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