Journal
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 289, Issue 13, Pages 9340-9351Publisher
AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M113.533315
Keywords
Arabidopsis; Enzyme Kinetics; Lipids; Plant; Signaling; N-Acylethanolamines; Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase; Synthetic Compounds
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), NEI [EY022774]
- NIH, NIA [AG010485, AG022550, AG027956]
- NIH NCRR
- NIH, NIGMS [RR027093]
- United States Department of Energy, Office of Science, Division of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-05ER15647]
- Research to Prevent Blindness
- Felix and Carmen Sabates Missouri Endowed Chair in Vision Research
- Vision Research Foundation of Kansas City
- National Science Foundation Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems (CBET) (Rapid) [1046099]
- Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI) [SA 12-05/GoMRI-002, TUL-626-11/12]
- Professional Staff Congress-City University of New York (PSC-CUNY) awards
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys
- Directorate For Engineering [1046099] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Background: Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) belongs to the family of amidase signature proteins and is involved in N-acylethanolamine (NAE) metabolism. Results: New synthetic phenoxyacyl-ethanolamide compounds increased the amidohydrolase activity of FAAH. Conclusion: Phenoxyacyl-ethanolamide compounds increased the activity of the FAAH enzyme in plants and animals. Significance: New properties of FAAH proteins were revealed with these phenoxyacyl-ethanolamide compounds, and the potential for their applications in vivo was demonstrated. N-Acylethanolamines (NAEs) are involved in numerous biological activities in plant and animal systems. The metabolism of these lipids by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is a key regulatory point in NAE signaling activity. Several active site-directed inhibitors of FAAH have been identified, but few compounds have been described that enhance FAAH activity. Here we synthesized two sets of phenoxyacyl-ethanolamides from natural products, 3-n-pentadecylphenolethanolamide and cardanolethanolamide, with structural similarity to NAEs and characterized their effects on the hydrolytic activity of FAAH. Both compounds increased the apparent V-max of recombinant FAAH proteins from both plant (Arabidopsis) and mammalian (Rattus) sources. These NAE-like compounds appeared to act by reducing the negative feedback regulation of FAAH activity by free ethanolamine. Both compounds added to seedlings relieved, in part, the negative growth effects of exogenous NAE12:0. Cardanolethanolamide reduced neuronal viability and exacerbated oxidative stress-mediated cell death in primary cultured neurons at nanomolar concentrations. This was reversed by FAAH inhibitors or exogenous NAE substrate. Collectively, our data suggest that these phenoxyacyl-ethanolamides act to enhance the activity of FAAH and may stimulate the turnover of NAEs in vivo. Hence, these compounds might be useful pharmacological tools for manipulating FAAH-mediated regulation of NAE signaling in plants or animals.
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