Journal
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 287, Issue 4, Pages 2317-2327Publisher
AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M111.273730
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [1R01NS064269]
- Canadian Institutes for Health Research
- Canadian Foundation for Innovation
- Genome Canada through the Ontario Genomics Institute
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Karolinska Institutet
- Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
- Ontario Innovation Trust
- Ontario Ministry for Research and Innovation
- Merck Co., Inc.
- Novartis Research Foundation
- Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems
- Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research
- Wellcome Trust
- American Heart Association
- Pew Charitable Trust
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The aggresome pathway is activated when proteasomal clearance of misfolded proteins is hindered. Misfolded polyubiquitinated protein aggregates are recruited and transported to the aggresome via the microtubule network by a protein complex consisting of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) and the dynein motor complex. The current model suggests that HDAC6 recognizes protein aggregates by binding directly to polyubiquitinated proteins. Here, we show that there are substantial amounts of unanchored ubiquitin in protein aggregates with solvent-accessible C termini. The ubiquitin-binding domain (ZnF-UBP) of HDAC6 binds exclusively to the unanchored C-terminal diglycine motif of ubiquitin instead of conjugated polyubiquitin. The unanchored ubiquitin C termini in the aggregates are generated in situ by aggregate-associated deubiquitinase ataxin-3. These results provide structural and mechanistic bases for the role of HDAC6 in aggresome formation and further suggest a novel ubiquitin-mediated signaling pathway, where the exposure of ubiquitin C termini within protein aggregates enables HDAC6 recognition and transport to the aggresome.
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