Journal
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 286, Issue 40, Pages 35087-35095Publisher
AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M111.277343
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Funding
- Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea [PJ008186022011]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2008-2004086, 2009-0093116] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
- Rural Development Administration (RDA), Republic of Korea [PJ00818620111139300] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [23570160] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Serpins are protease inhibitors that play essential roles in the down-regulation of extracellular proteolytic cascades. The core serpin domain is highly conserved, and typical serpins are encoded with a molecular size of 35-50 kDa. Here, we describe a novel 93-kDa protein that contains two complete, tandemly arrayed serpin domains. This twin serpin, SPN93, was isolated from the larval hemolymph of the large beetle Tenebrio molitor. The N-terminal serpin domain of SPN93 forms a covalent complex with the Spatzle-processing enzyme, a terminal serine protease of the Toll signaling cascade, whereas the C-terminal serpin domain of SPN93 forms complexes with a modular serine protease and the Spatzle-processing enzyme-activating enzyme, which are two different enzymes of the cascade. Consequently, SPN93 inhibited beta-1,3-glucan-mediated Toll proteolytic cascade activation in an in vitro system. Site-specific proteolysis of SPN93 at the N-terminal serpin domain was observed after activation of the Toll proteolytic cascade in vivo, and down-regulation of SPN93 by RNAi sensitized beta-1,3-glucan-mediated larval death. Therefore, SPN93 is the first serpin that contains twin tandemly arrayed and functionally active serpin domains that have a regulatory role in the larval Toll proteolytic signaling cascade.
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