Journal
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 285, Issue 8, Pages 5888-5895Publisher
AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M109.065847
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- Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD)
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Government of India
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The role of azadirachtin, an active component of a medicinal plant Neem (Azadirachta indica), on TNF-induced cell signaling in human cell lines was investigated. Azadirachtin blocks TNF-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) and also expression of NF-kappa B-dependent genes such as adhesion molecules and cyclooxygenase 2. Azadirachtin inhibits the inhibitory subunit of NF-kappa B (I kappa B alpha) phosphorylation and thereby its degradation and RelA (p65) nuclear translocation. It blocks I kappa B alpha kinase (IKK) activity ex vivo, but not in vitro. Surprisingly, azadirachtin blocks NF-kappa B DNA binding activity in transfected cells with TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 2, TNF receptor-associated death domain (TRADD), IKK, or p65, but not with TNFR, suggesting its effect is at the TNFR level. Azadirachtin blocks binding of TNF, but not IL-1, IL-4, IL-8, or TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) with its respective receptors. Anti-TNFR antibody or TNF protects azadirachtin-mediated down-regulation of TNFRs. Further, in silico data suggest that azadirachtin strongly binds in the TNF binding site of TNFR. Overall, our data suggest that azadirachtin modulates cell surface TNFRs thereby decreasing TNF-induced biological responses. Thus, azadirachtin exerts an anti-inflammatory response by a novel pathway, which may be beneficial for anti-inflammatory therapy.
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