Journal
JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY
Volume 149, Issue 1, Pages 1-3Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvq133
Keywords
TGF-beta; EGF; ubiquitin ligase; AP2 complex; endocytosis
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Arkadia, also known as ring finger 111 (Rnf111), is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that amplifies transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta family signalling through degradation of negative TGF-beta signal regulators, i.e. Smad7, c-Ski and SnoN. Arkadia plays critical roles in early embryonic development through modulation of nodal signalling, as well as progression of tissue fibrosis and cancer through regulation of TGF-beta signalling. Recent findings suggest that, similar to other ubiquitin ligases, including Smurf1 and 2, Arkadia regulates signalling pathways other than those of the TGF-beta family. Arkadia interacts with the clathrin-adaptor 2 (AP2) complex and regulates endocytosis of certain cell surface receptors, leading to modulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and possibly other signalling pathways.
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