Functional Characterization of Osmotically Inducible Protein C (MG_427) from Mycoplasma genitalium

Mycoplasma genitalium is the smallest self-replicating bacterium and an important human pathogen responsible for a range of urogenital infections and pathologies. Due to its limited genome size, many genes conserved in other bacteria are missing in M. genitalium. Genes encoding catalase and superoxide dismutase are absent, and how this pathogen overcomes oxidative stress remains poorly understood. In this study, we characterized MG_427, a homolog of the conserved osmC, which encodes hydroperoxide peroxidase, shown to protect bacteria against oxidative stress. We found that recombinant MG_427 protein reduced organic and inorganic peroxide substrates. Also, we showed that a deletion mutant of MG_427 was highly sensitive to killing by tert-butyl hydroperoxide and H2O2 compared to the sensitivity of the wild type. Further, the fully complemented mutant strain reversed its oxidative sensitivity. Examination of the expression pattern of MG_ 427 during osmotic shock, oxidative stress, and other stress conditions revealed its lack of induction, distinguishing MG_ 427 from other previously characterized osmC genes.