The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI): Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of the Turkish version

Objectives: The Shoulder Pain And Disability Index (SPADI) is a self-report questionnaire developed to evaluate patients with shoulder problems. No validated Turkish version exists. This study sought to translate and culturally adapt a Turkish version of the SPADI and validate its use for assessing shoulder pain and disability in Turkish patients with shoulder pathology. Methods: One hundred forty patients ( mean age, 60.31 +/- 13.02 years) with shoulder problems participated. Patients completed the Turkish SPADI, the Short Form 36 ( SF-36), and the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand ( DASH) questionnaires. Results: Internal consistency of the SPADI was good ( Cronbach alpha: 0.83 for pain and 0.83 for disability subscales). There was a significant relation between SPADI pain and SF-36 bodily pain ( r: -0.594; P < 0.01), SPADI disability and SF-36 physical function ( r: -0.339, P < 0.01), and SPADI disability and SF-36 physical role limitation ( r: -0.317, P < 0.05). There was a significant relation between SPADI pain and DASH 1 ( r: 0.354, P < 0.01) and SPADI disability and DASH 1 ( r: 0.591, P < 0.01). Conclusions: The Turkish version of the SPADI is a reliable and valid instrument to assess pain and disability in patients with shoulder pathology.