Journal
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY
Volume 16, Issue 7, Pages 417-430Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nrm3994
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Funding
- UK Medical Research Council Career Development Award
- MRC [MR/K006606/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [MR/K006606/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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The RNase III enzymes Drosha and Dicer are essential for the production of small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). In canonical RNAi, microRNAs (mi-RNAs) regulate gene expression by post-transcriptional gene silencing. In non-canonical RNAi, nuclear RNAi factors generate small ncRNAs that are essential for transcriptional gene silencing. Recent evidence points to the existence of additional non-canonical nuclear RNAi functions in various organisms, including in genome maintenance and editing, as well as in DNA repair. Drosha and Dicer directly regulate gene expression and RNA metabolism at different stages, such as transcriptional initiation and termination, and the processing of various RNA species, including pre-mRNAs. Furthermore, Dicer isoforms were recently discovered and attributed with roles in apoptosis, development and disease.
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