Triassic tectonic interactions between the Alxa Massif and Ordos Basin: Evidence from integrated provenance analyses on sandstones, North China

The Helanshan Tectonic Belt is situated among the Qilian Orogenic Belt to the southwest, the Alxa Massif to the west and the Ordos Block to the east. The Helanshan Tectonic Belt has received increasing attention since it was argued as the plate boundary separating the Alxa Massif from the Ordos Block, and hence Alxa Massif was isolated from the North China Craton during Triassic. The Middle to Upper Triassic strata in the northwestern Ordos and the Helanshan Tectonic Belt witnessed the tectonic evolutionary processes between the Alxa Massif and the Ordos Basin, hence are pivotal to understand the relationship between the Alxa Massif and the North China Craton. In this work, integrated paleocurrent orientation, gravel component, sandstone modal composition and detrital zircon U-Pb isotopic analyses were applied to trace the source area and reconstruct the sourceto-sink relations between the Abca Massif and Ordos Basin. The southeast orientated paleocurrent directions suggest detritus in the northwestern Ordos were mostly sourced from the northwest. Clastic compositions reveal a mixed orogeny provenance, including magmatic arc and continental block sources. Detrital zircons from four sandstones in the Helanshan Tectonic Belt yields four major LA-ICPMS U-Pb age groups of 2600-2200 Ma, 2000-1700 Ma, 480-400 Ma and 350-200 Ma, suggesting multiple-sourced provenance. Comparing to the magmatic records in the Alxa Massif and the Qilian Orogenic Belt, the Triassic detritus in the Helanshan Tectonic Belt were mainly from the Alxa Massif with additional supplements from the Qilian Orogenic Belt, which finally debouched to the lacustrine in the interior Ordos Basin to the southeast. Triassic basin evolution of the northwestern Ordos was further associated with post-collision in the Alxa Massif after the closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean.