Journal
NATURE PROTOCOLS
Volume 10, Issue 7, Pages 959-973Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2015.059
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Funding
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM)
- US National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Gladstone Institutes
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Induction of tissue-specific cell types via a conventional transdifferentiation strategy typically uses overexpression of the corresponding lineage-specific transcription factors. Alternatively, somatic cells can be temporarily activated via a common set of reprogramming factors into a transition state, which can then be directed into various cell types via soluble lineage-specific signals, without establishing a pluripotent state. Here, we provide protocols for the generation of cardiomyocytes, neural stem cells and hepatocytes from fibroblasts with such a cell activation (CACA) and signaling-directed (SD; CASCASCASD) strategy. In these protocols, beating cardiomyocytes can be induced from mouse fibroblasts in 2-5 weeks; expandable neural stem cells and definitive endoderm progenitors can be obtained from human fibroblasts as early as 2.5 weeks; and human definitive endoderm progenitors can be differentiated into functional hepatocytes in 2 weeks. Through further developments, the CASCASCASD strategy can serve as a unique avenue for generating diverse functional cell types for biomedical research and therapeutic applications.
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