Journal
NATURE PHOTONICS
Volume 9, Issue 10, Pages 674-+Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/NPHOTON.2015.166
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Funding
- European Union through ERC starting grants [258461, 257654]
- European Commission under the Graphene Flagship [CNECT-ICT-604391]
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [MAT2012-36580, MAT2012-37638]
- Basque Government [PI2011-1]
- Fundacio Cellex Barcelona
- ERC Career integration grant [294056]
- ERC starting grant [307806]
- project GRASP [FP7-ICT-2013-613024-GRASP]
- European Research Council (ERC) [307806, 257654, 258461] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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Polaritons with hyperbolic dispersion are key to many emerging photonic technologies, including subdiffraction imaging, sensing and spontaneous emission engineering(1-8). Fundamental to their effective application are the lifetimes of the polaritons, as well as their phase and group velocities(7,9). Here, we combine time-domain interferometry(10) and scattering-type near-field microscopy(11) to visualize the propagation of hyperbolic polaritons in space and time, allowing the first direct measurement of all these quantities. In particular, we study infrared phonon polaritons in a thin hexagonal boron nitride(8,12,13) waveguide exhibiting hyperbolic dispersion and deep subwavelength-scale field confinement. Our results reveal-in a natural material-negative phase velocity paired with a remarkably slow group velocity of 0.002c and lifetimes in the picosecond range. While these findings show the polariton's potential for mediating strong light-matter interactions and negative refraction, our imaging technique paves the way to explicit nanoimaging of polariton propagation characteristics in other two-dimensional materials, metamaterials and waveguides.
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