Journal
NATURE PHOTONICS
Volume 9, Issue 4, Pages 239-246Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/NPHOTON.2015.22
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Funding
- UK Biotechnology Research Council (BBSRC) [BB/I014357/1]
- gene-therapy division of the UK NIHR University College London Hospital Biomedical Research Centre
- King's College London and University College London Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Cancer Research UK
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
- Medical Research Council and Department of Health, UK
- European Union [317744]
- EPSRC Leadership Fellowship
- ERC [281356]
- BBSRC [BB/I014357/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- EPSRC [EP/L020262/1, EP/H005536/1, EP/E050980/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- MRC [G1001497] Funding Source: UKRI
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/I014357/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Cancer Research UK [21030, 16463] Funding Source: researchfish
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/E050980/1, EP/L020262/1, EP/H005536/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [G1001497] Funding Source: researchfish
- European Research Council (ERC) [281356] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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Photoacoustic imaging allows absorption-based high-resolution spectroscopic in vivo imaging at a depth beyond that of optical microscopy. Until recently, photoacoustic imaging has largely been restricted to visualizing the vasculature through endogenous haemoglobin contrast, with most non-vascularized tissues remaining invisible unless exogenous contrast agents are administered. Genetically encodable photoacoustic contrast is attractive as it allows selective labelling of cells, permitting studies of, for example, specific genetic expression, cell growth or more complex biological behaviours in vivo. In this study we report a novel photoacoustic imaging scanner and a tyrosinase-based reporter system that causes human cell lines to synthesize the absorbing pigment eumelanin, thus providing strong photoacoustic contrast. Detailed three-dimensional images of xenografts formed of tyrosinase-expressing cells implanted in mice are obtained in vivo to depths approaching 10 mm with a spatial resolution below 100 mu m. This scheme is a powerful tool for studying cellular and genetic processes in deep mammalian tissues.
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