Related references
Note: Only part of the references are listed.Tip Enhancement of Upconversion Photoluminescence from Rare Earth Ion Doped Nanocrystals
Nina Mauser et al.
ACS NANO (2015)
Photon upconversion nanomaterials
Xiaogang Liu et al.
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2015)
Upconverting nanoparticles: assessing the toxicity
Anna Gnach et al.
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2015)
Combinatorial approaches for developing upconverting nanomaterials: high-throughput screening, modeling, and applications
Emory M. Chan
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2015)
High-Efficiency in Vitro and in Vivo Detection of Zn2+ by Dye-Assembled Upconversion Nanoparticles
Juanjuan Peng et al.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2015)
Temporal full-colour tuning through non-steady-state upconversion
Renren Deng et al.
NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY (2015)
Surface Interactions with Compartmentalized Cellular Phosphates Explain Rare Earth Oxide Nanoparticle Hazard and Provide Opportunities for Safer Design
Ruibin Li et al.
ACS NANO (2014)
Anchoring Group Effects of Surface Ligands on Magnetic Properties of Fe304 Nanoparticles: Towards High Performance MRI Contrast Agents
Jianfeng Zeng et al.
ADVANCED MATERIALS (2014)
Near-Infrared-Light-Mediated Imaging of Latent Fingerprints based on Molecular Recognition
Jie Wang et al.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2014)
Lanthanide-Doped LiLuF4 Upconversion Nanoprobes for the Detection of Disease Biomarkers
Ping Huang et al.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2014)
Upconversion Nanoparticles: Design, Nanochemistry, and Applications in Theranostics
Guanying Chen et al.
CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2014)
Multicolor Barcoding in a Single Upconversion Crystal
Yuhai Zhang et al.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2014)
Er:Yb:NaY2F5O up-converting nanoparticles for sub-tissue fluorescence lifetime thermal sensing
Ol. A. Savchuk et al.
NANOSCALE (2014)
3-Dimensional photonic crystal surface enhanced upconversion emission for improved near-infrared photoresponse
Wenbin Niu et al.
NANOSCALE (2014)
The impact of shell host (NaYF4/CaF2) and shell deposition methods on the up-conversion enhancement in Tb3+, Yb3+ codoped colloidal α-NaYF4 core-shell nanoparticles
Katarzyna Prorok et al.
NANOSCALE (2014)
Enhancing multiphoton upconversion through energy clustering at sublattice level
Juan Wang et al.
NATURE MATERIALS (2014)
Universal process-inert encoding architecture for polymer microparticles
Jiseok Lee et al.
NATURE MATERIALS (2014)
Engineering bright sub-10-nm upconverting nanocrystals for single-molecule imaging
Daniel J. Gargas et al.
NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY (2014)
Tunable lifetime multiplexing using luminescent nanocrystals
Yiqing Lu et al.
NATURE PHOTONICS (2014)
Photon energy upconversion through thermal radiation with the power efficiency reaching 16%
Junxin Wang et al.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2014)
Red-green-blue printing using luminescence-upconversion inks
Jeevan Manikyarao Meruga et al.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C (2014)
Amplified Spontaneous Emission and Lasing from Lanthanide-Doped Up-Conversion Nanocrystals
Hai Zhu et al.
ACS NANO (2013)
All-In-One Optical Heater-Thermometer Nanoplatform Operative From 300 to 2000 K Based on Er3+ Emission and Blackbody Radiation
Mengistie L. Debasu et al.
ADVANCED MATERIALS (2013)
Highly Uniform, Bifunctional Core/Double-Shell-Structured-NaYF4:Er3+, Yb3+@ SiO2@TiO2 Hexagonal Sub-microprisms for High-Performance Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
Liangliang Liang et al.
ADVANCED MATERIALS (2013)
Magnetic Tuning of Upconversion Luminescence in Lanthanide-Doped Bifunctional Nanocrystals
Yunxin Liu et al.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2013)
Photon-Upconverting Nanoparticles for Optical Encoding and Multiplexing of Cells, Biomolecules, and Microspheres
Hans H. Gorris et al.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2013)
Hydrothermal synthesis of NaLuF4:Sm-153,Yb,Tm nanoparticles and their application in dual-modality upconversion luminescence and SPECT bioimaging
Yang Yang et al.
BIOMATERIALS (2013)
Multifunctional polyoxometalates-modified upconversion nanoparticles: integration of electrochromic devices and antioxidants detection
Yanling Zhai et al.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS (2013)
Plasmon-enhanced near-infrared-active materials in photoelectrochemical water splitting
Chih Kai Chen et al.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS (2013)
Enhancing solar cell efficiency: the search for luminescent materials as spectral converters
Xiaoyong Huang et al.
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2013)
Lanthanide-doped luminescent nanoprobes: controlled synthesis, optical spectroscopy, and bioapplications
Yongsheng Liu et al.
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2013)
Red upconversion luminescence and paramagnetism in Er/Yb doped SnO2
Shweta Sharma et al.
ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS (2013)
High-performance Er3+-TiO2 system: Dual up-conversion and electronic role of the lanthanide
S. Obregon et al.
JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS (2013)
Fabrication of Covalently Functionalized Graphene Oxide Incorporated Solid-State Hybrid Silica Gel Glasses and Their Improved Nonlinear Optical Response
Lili Tao et al.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C (2013)
An upconversion NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+/TiO2 core-shell nanoparticle photoelectrode for improved efficiencies of dye-sensitized solar cells
Jun Zhang et al.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2013)
An Exceptionally Simple Strategy for DNA-Functionalized Up-Conversion Nanoparticles as Biocompatible Agents for Nanoassembly, DNA Delivery, and Imaging
Le-Le Li et al.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2013)
Mechanistic Investigation of Photon Upconversion in Nd3+-Sensitized Core-Shell Nanoparticles
Xiaoji Xie et al.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2013)
Basic understanding of the lanthanide related upconversion emissions
Hao Dong et al.
NANOSCALE (2013)
Upconversion luminescence with tunable lifetime in NaYF4:Yb,Er nanocrystals: role of nanocrystal size
Jiangbo Zhao et al.
NANOSCALE (2013)
Competition of shape and interaction patchiness for self-assembling nanoplates
Xingchen Ye et al.
NATURE CHEMISTRY (2013)
NANOCRYSTALS Shining a light on upconversion
Yuhai Zhang et al.
NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY (2013)
Luminescence upconversion in colloidal double quantum dots
Zvicka Deutsch et al.
NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY (2013)
Single-nanocrystal sensitivity achieved by enhanced upconversion luminescence
Jiangbo Zhao et al.
NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY (2013)
NIR Photoresponsive Crosslinked Upconverting Nanocarriers Toward Selective Intracellular Drug Release
Yanmei Yang et al.
SMALL (2013)
NIR-Responsive Photocatalytic Activity and Mechanism of NaYF4:Yb,Tm@TiO2 Core-Shell Nanoparticles
Yanna Tang et al.
ACS CATALYSIS (2013)
Upconversion Nanophosphors Naluf(4): Yb, Tm for Lymphatic Imaging In Vivo by Real-Time Upconversion Luminescence Imaging under Ambient Light and High-Resolution X-ray CT
Yun Sun et al.
THERANOSTICS (2013)
Is There Real Upconversion Photoluminescence from Graphene Quantum Dots?
Zhixing Gan et al.
ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS (2013)
Core-shell nanoarchitecture: a strategy to significantly enhance white-light upconversion of lanthanide-doped nanoparticles
Bo Zhou et al.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C (2013)
Sub-10 nm BaYF5:Yb3+, Er3+ core-shell nanoparticles with intense 1.53 mu m fluorescence for polymer-based waveguide amplifiers
Xuesong Zhai et al.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C (2013)
Metal-Enhanced Upconversion Luminescence Tunable through Metal Nanoparticle-Nanophosphor Separation
Marjan Saboktakin et al.
ACS NANO (2012)
Temperature Sensing and In Vivo Imaging by Molybdenum Sensitized Visible Upconversion Luminescence of Rare-Earth Oxides
Bin Dong et al.
ADVANCED MATERIALS (2012)
Multifunctional nanoprobes for upconversion fluorescence, MR and CT trimodal imaging
Huaiyong Xing et al.
BIOMATERIALS (2012)
Core-shell Fe3O4@NaLuF4:Yb,Er/Tm nanostructure for MRI, CT and upconversion luminescence tri-modality imaging
Xingjun Zhu et al.
BIOMATERIALS (2012)
Cation Exchange: A Facile Method To Make NaYF4:Yb,Tm-NaGdF4 Core-Shell Nanoparticles with a Thin, Tunable, and Uniform Shell
Cunhai Dong et al.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS (2012)
Rare-Earth Nanoparticles with Enhanced Upconversion Emission and Suppressed Rare-Earth-Ion Leakage
Ye-Fu Wang et al.
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL (2012)
Modeling upconversion of erbium doped microcrystals based on experimentally determined Einstein coefficients
Stefan Fischer et al.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS (2012)
Concentrating and Recycling Energy in Lanthanide Codopants for Efficient and Spectrally Pure Emission: The Case of NaYF4:Er3+/Tm3+ Upconverting Nanocrystals
Emory M. Chan et al.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B (2012)
Mesoporous Multifunctional Upconversion Luminescent and Magnetic Nanorattle Materials for Targeted Chemotherapy
Fan Zhang et al.
NANO LETTERS (2012)
Direct Imaging the Upconversion Nanocrystal Core/Shell Structure at the Subnanometer Level: Shell Thickness Dependence in Upconverting Optical Properties
Fan Zhang et al.
NANO LETTERS (2012)
Facile in situ fabrication of graphene-upconversion hybrid materials with amplified electrogenerated chemiluminescence
Meili Yin et al.
NANOSCALE (2012)
Core/shell structured NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+/Gd+3 nanorods with Au nanoparticles or shells for flexible amorphous silicon solar cells
Z. Q. Li et al.
NANOTECHNOLOGY (2012)
Imparting functionality to a metal-organic framework material by controlled nanoparticle encapsulation
Guang Lu et al.
NATURE CHEMISTRY (2012)
In vivo photodynamic therapy using upconversion nanoparticles as remote-controlled nanotransducers
Niagara Muhammad Idris et al.
NATURE MEDICINE (2012)
Broadband dye-sensitized upconversion of near-infrared light
Wenqiang Zou et al.
NATURE PHOTONICS (2012)
Green electroluminescence from an n-ZnO: Er/p-Si heterostructured light-emitting diode
S. Iwan et al.
PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER (2012)
Magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole transitions in the trivalent lanthanide series: Calculated emission rates and oscillator strengths
Christopher M. Dodson et al.
PHYSICAL REVIEW B (2012)
Bright dual-mode green emission from selective set of dopant ions in β-Na(Y,Gd)F4:Yb,Er/β-NaGdF4:Ce,Tb core/shell nanocrystals
Ho Seong Jang et al.
OPTICS EXPRESS (2012)
Ultra-high photoluminescent quantum yield of β-NaYF4: 10% Er3+ via broadband excitation of upconversion for photovoltaic devices
Sean K. W. MacDougall et al.
OPTICS EXPRESS (2012)
Mechanism Studies on the Superior Optical Limiting Observed in Graphene Oxide Covalently Functionalized with Upconversion NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ Nanoparticles
Tingchao He et al.
SMALL (2012)
Toward high-efficiency solar upconversion with plasmonic nanostructures
Ashwin C. Atre et al.
JOURNAL OF OPTICS (2012)
Single-Band Upconversion Emission in Lanthanide-Doped KMnF3 Nanocrystals
Juan Wang et al.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2011)
Facile Preparation of Multifunctional Upconversion Nanoprobes for Multimodal Imaging and Dual-Targeted Photothermal Therapy
Liang Cheng et al.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2011)
Time-Resolved FRET Biosensor Based on Amine-Functionalized Lanthanide-Doped NaYF4 Nanocrystals
Datao Tu et al.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2011)
Upconverting Nanoparticles
Markus Haase et al.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2011)
Core-shell NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+@FexOy nanocrystals for dual-modality T2-enhanced magnetic resonance and NIR-to-NIR upconversion luminescent imaging of small-animal lymphatic node
Ao Xia et al.
BIOMATERIALS (2011)
Polymer encapsulated upconversion nanoparticle/iron oxide nanocomposites for multimodal imaging and magnetic targeted drug delivery
Huan Xu et al.
BIOMATERIALS (2011)
Drug delivery with upconversion nanoparticles for multi-functional targeted cancer cell imaging and therapy
Chao Wang et al.
BIOMATERIALS (2011)
Plasmonic Enhanced Emissions from Cubic NaYF4:Yb:Er/Tm Nanophosphors
L. Sudheendra et al.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS (2011)
Origin of the High Upconversion Green Luminescence Efficiency in β-NaYF4:2%Er3+,20%Yb3+
C. Renero-Lecuna et al.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS (2011)
A facile method to synthesize superparamagnetic and up-conversion luminescent NaYF4:Yb, Er/Tm@SiO2@Fe3O4 nanocomposite particles and their bioapplication
Dan Hu et al.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY (2011)
Modification of NaYF4:Yb,Er@SiO2 Nanoparticles with Gold Nanocrystals for Tunable Green-to-Red Upconversion Emissions
Zhengquan Li et al.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C (2011)
Intracellular Glutathione Detection Using MnO2-Nanosheet-Modified Upconversion Nanoparticles
Renren Deng et al.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2011)
Tuning upconversion through energy migration in core-shell nanoparticles
Feng Wang et al.
NATURE MATERIALS (2011)
Luminescence Modulation of Ordered Upconversion Nanopatterns by a Photochromic Diarylethene: Rewritable Optical Storage with Nondestructive Readout
Chao Zhang et al.
ADVANCED MATERIALS (2010)
Direct Evidence of a Surface Quenching Effect on Size-Dependent Luminescence of Upconversion Nanoparticles
Feng Wang et al.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2010)
Water-Soluble Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots and Photocatalyst Design
Haitao Li et al.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2010)
NaYF4 Yb,Tm/CdS composite as a novel near-infrared-driven photocatalyst
Chuanhao Li et al.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL (2010)
Superparamagnetic and upconversion emitting Fe3O4/NaYF4:Yb,Er hetero-nanoparticles via a crosslinker anchoring strategy
Jie Shen et al.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS (2010)
Near-infrared photocatalysis based on YF3 : Yb3+, Tm3+/TiO2 core/shell nanoparticles
Weiping Qin et al.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS (2010)
A versatile fabrication of upconversion nanophosphors with functional-surface tunable ligands
Jing Zhou et al.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY (2010)
Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Efficient Near-Infrared Upconversion Sc3+/Er3+/Yb3+ Tridoped NaYF4
Qingming Huang et al.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C (2010)
Near-IR Photoresponse in New Up-Converting CdSe/NaYF4:Yb,Er Nanoheterostructures
Chenglin Yan et al.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2010)
Fabrication of Ag@SiO2@Y2O3:Er Nanostructures for Bioimaging: Tuning of the Upconversion Fluorescence with Silver Nanoparticles
Fan Zhang et al.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2010)
Plasmon-Enhanced Upconversion in Single NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ Codoped Nanocrystals
Stefan Schietinger et al.
NANO LETTERS (2010)
Absolute quantum yield measurements of colloidal NaYF4: Er3+, Yb3+ upconverting nanoparticles
John-Christopher Boyer et al.
NANOSCALE (2010)
Simultaneous phase and size control of upconversion nanocrystals through lanthanide doping
Feng Wang et al.
NATURE (2010)
Tm3+-doped tellurite glasses for fiber amplifiers in broadband optical communication at 1.20 μm wavelength region
Bo Zhou et al.
OPTICS EXPRESS (2010)
Monodisperse Upconverting Nanocrystals by Microwave-Assisted Synthesis
Hai-Qiao Wang et al.
ACS NANO (2009)
The Active-Core/Active-Shell Approach: A Strategy to Enhance the Upconversion Luminescence in Lanthanide-Doped Nanoparticles
Fiorenzo Vetrone et al.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2009)
Combined Optical and MR Bioimaging Using Rare Earth Ion Doped NaYF4 Nanocrystals
Rajiv Kumar et al.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2009)
Inorganic Nanoparticles for MRI Contrast Agents
Hyon Bin Na et al.
ADVANCED MATERIALS (2009)
Near-Infrared Quantum Cutting for Photovoltaics
Bryan M. van der Ende et al.
ADVANCED MATERIALS (2009)
Recent Developments in the Field of Inorganic Phosphors
Henning A. Hoeppe
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2009)
Lanthanide-Based Luminescent Hybrid Materials
Koen Binnemans
CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2009)
Tb-doped iron oxide: bifunctional fluorescent and magnetic nanocrystals
Yunxia Zhang et al.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY (2009)
Lanthanide ions as spectral converters for solar cells
Bryan M. van der Ende et al.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS (2009)
Non-blinking and photostable upconverted luminescence from single lanthanide-doped nanocrystals
Shiwei Wu et al.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2009)
Multicolor Core/Shell-Structured Upconversion Fluorescent Nanoparticles
Zhengquan Li et al.
ADVANCED MATERIALS (2008)
Bright White Upconversion Emission from Tm3+/Yb3+/Er3+-Doped Lu3Ga5O12 Nanocrystals
Venkataramanan Mahalingam et al.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C (2008)
Upconversion multicolor fine-tuning:: Visible to near-infrared emission from lanthanide-doped NaYF4 nanoparticles
Feng Wang et al.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2008)
Versatile synthesis strategy for carboxylic acid-functionalized upconverting nanophosphors as biological labels
Zhigang Chen et al.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2008)
High Contrast in Vitro and in Vivo Photoluminescence Bioimaging Using Near Infrared to Near Infrared Up-Conversion in TM3+ and Yb3+ Doped Fluoride Nanophosphors
Marcin Nyk et al.
NANO LETTERS (2008)
A strategy to protect and sensitize near-infrared luminescent Nd3+ and Yb3+:: Organic tropolonate ligands for the sensitization of Ln3+-doped NaYF4 nanocrystals
Jian Zhang et al.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2007)
Effect of annealing on upconversion luminescence of ZnO:Er3+ nanocrystals and high thermal sensitivity
Xin Wang et al.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C (2007)
Highly efficient multicolor up-conversion emissions and their mechanisms of monodisperse NaYF4:Yb,Er core and core/shell-structured nanocrystals
Hao-Xin Mai et al.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C (2007)
Water-soluble NaYF4:Yb,Er(Tm)/NaYF4/polymer core/shell/shell nanoparticles with significant enhancement of upconversion fluorescence
Guang-Shun Yi et al.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS (2007)
Enhancing the performance of silicon solar cells via the application of passive luminescence conversion layers
B. S. Richards
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS (2006)
Nanoparticle white-light emitter based on up-conversion demonstrated
DS Burgess
PHOTONICS SPECTRA (2005)
Bright white light through up-conversion of a single NIR source from sol-gel-derived thin film made with Ln3+-doped LaF3 nanoparticles
R Sivakumar et al.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2005)
Novel materials doped with trivalent lanthanides and transition metal ions showing near-infrared to visible photon upconversion
JF Suyver et al.
OPTICAL MATERIALS (2005)
Theoretical analysis of the photon avalanche dynamics in Ho3+-Yb3+ codoped systems under near-infrared excitation
F Lahoz et al.
PHYSICAL REVIEW B (2005)
Taking advantage of luminescent lanthanide ions
JCG Bunzli et al.
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2005)
Fluorescence resonant energy transfer biosensor based on upconversion-luminescent nanoparticles
LY Wang et al.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2005)
Highly efficient multicolour upconversion emission in transparent colloids of lanthanide-doped NaYF4 nanocrystals
S Heer et al.
ADVANCED MATERIALS (2004)
Upconversion and anti-stokes processes with f and d ions in solids
F Auzel
CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2004)
Blue, green, and red upconversion emission from lanthanide-doped LuPO4 and YbPO4 nanocrystals in a transparent colloidal solution
S Heer et al.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2003)
Near-infrared emission of redispersible Er3+, Nd3+, and Ho3+ doped LaF3 nanoparticles
JW Stouwdam et al.
NANO LETTERS (2002)
On the incorporation of trivalent rare earth ions in II-VI semiconductor nanocrystals
AA Bol et al.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS (2002)
Up-converting phosphor reporters for nucleic acid microarrays
F van de Rijke et al.
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY (2001)
Upconverting phosphor reporters in immunochromatographic assays
J Hampl et al.
ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY (2001)
Optical spectroscopy of nanocrystalline cubic Y2O3 : Er3+ obtained by combustion synthesis
JA Capobianco et al.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS (2000)