Low-cost upscaling compatibility of five different ITO-free architectures for polymer solar cells

Five different indium-tin-oxide free (I (2) and rigid glass or flexible polyester substrates were employed. (-2), AM1.5G) at low (37 +/- 3 degrees C) and high (80 +/- 5 degrees C) temperatures (according to ISOS-L-1 and ISOS-L-2); (4) stability under continuous low-light conditions at 0.1 sun (100 Wm(-2), AM1.5G, 32 degrees C) (according to ISOS-LL); (5) continuous illumination (670 Wm(-2), AM1.5G) at high temperature (65 degrees C) and high humidity (50% RH) (according to ISOS-L-3). Finally, the upscaling compatibility of these device architectures based on the device photovoltaic behavior, stability and scalability were identified and we confirm that an architecture that presents a high score in only one aspect of the solar cell performance is not sufficient to justify an investment in upscaling. Many will require further technical development. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 944-954, 2013